英国兼职学习之——英式早餐探秘 English Breakfast

Introduction

最近刚通过英国Hazelbank hotel的General Assistant兼职面试，第一天试工的时候发现了自己在诸多方面有不足。

1. 语言问题：有时无法完整准确地理解对方说的话，学习效率没有那么高；small talk能力有待提高。
2. 文化问题：工作职责之一包括早餐服务，点单、上菜、做吐司和茶等工作。由于文化背景不同，对西式尤其是英式早餐的了解不够，所以 对于一些食物的名称和样子不够熟悉。
3. 所有工作的普遍问题：熟悉工作内容、流程和规范。

这篇推文我想通过研究英式早餐的传统、主要食物的名称/图片/搭配等来丰富我在这方面的知识，更快适应兼职工作。

What is English Breakfast?

什么是英式早餐？

英式早餐是英格兰的一种传统早餐，也叫做“Fry-up”，主要以油煎的食材为主。英式早餐的传统可以追溯到中世纪。那时候人们一天通常只有两顿饭，所以为了补充体能，早餐通常由啤酒面包和一点奶酪组成。那时只有贵族才能享有一顿由多种食材和肉类组成的丰盛早餐，所以传统英早的配置相当于一种“低调的炫富方式”。贵族们准备的早餐越丰富，就代表自己的领土越广袤，由此引发了英国人对早餐的重视。

尽管叫英式早餐，但可以在任何时间吃，而且它也并不是英国人每天都吃的。更常见的是在周末或假期吃。

English breakfast is a traditional breakfast in England, also known as "Fry-up", mainly fried food. The tradition of English breakfast can be traced back to the Middle Ages. At that time, people usually only had two meals a day, so in order to supplement their physical strength, breakfast usually consisted of beer bread and a little cheese. At that time, only the nobility could enjoy a rich breakfast consisting of a variety of ingredients and meats, so the traditional English breakfast configuration is a "low-key show-off way". The richer the breakfast prepared by the nobility, the larger the territory they represented, which sparked the British people's attention to breakfast.

What does English Breakfast include?

英式早餐包括什么？

一个常见的传统英式早餐通常包括培根或香肠（通常是猪肉），鸡蛋（油炸，水煮或炒），炸或烤西红柿，炸蘑菇，黑布丁，烤豆和面包，吐司和炸面包中的一种或两种。Bubble and squeak是常见的配菜，但现在更常见的是被土豆煎饼取代。

There is no fixed menu or set of ingredients for a full breakfast. A common traditional English breakfast typically includes back bacon or sausages (usually pork), eggs (fried, poached or scrambled), fried or grilled tomatoes, fried mushrooms, black pudding, baked beans and bread, either, or both, toast and fried bread. Bubble and squeak is a traditional accompaniment but is now more commonly replaced by hash browns.

区分英式早餐中的食物

1. Eggs的种类：

• fried eggs

A fried egg is a cooked dish made from one or more eggs which are removed from their shells and placed into a frying pan and fried. 煎蛋是一道由一个或多个鸡蛋制成的烹饪菜肴，将鸡蛋从壳中取出放入平底锅中煎炸。

• scrambled eggs 炒蛋：由鸡蛋（通常是鸡蛋）搅拌、搅打或搅拌在一起制成的菜肴，通常与盐、黄油、油和其他成分一起加热，使它们形成凝乳。

• poached eggs vs soft boiled eggs

  difference: poached eggs are cooked in water, while soft-boiled eggs are cooked in their shells in boiling water.

  poach eggs是不带壳在水中煮熟的，而软煮蛋是在壳中在沸水中煮熟的。

2. black pudding

A type of Sausage made with pork blood, pork fat and a cereal like oatmeal. 它是一种用猪血、猪油和类似燕麦片的谷物制成的香肠。

3. Toast or fried bread 区别在于烤面包是用吐司机烤的，而炸面包是用油煎的。

一般来说：1分钟-untoasted; 2分钟-warm; 3分钟-medium toasted; 4分钟-crispy; 6分钟-done; 7分钟-burnt

4. potatoes/hash browns: patties of finely chopped potatoes that have been fried until golden brown

• 土豆/薯饼：切碎的土豆饼，炸至金黄色

餐桌布置

这张图是我们店早餐的一个餐桌设置，我用excalidraw画了它的俯视图如下：

1. 可以看到这是一个双人桌，对于每个人来说，中间蓝色框起来区域是吃饭的主要区域。
2. 蓝色区域左边是叉子，右边是刀。
3. 最左边是餐巾纸和刀，最右边是倒扣的茶杯和茶匙。
4. 刀刃全部朝向桌子内部。
5. 餐巾纸折叠成三角形，开口在左边，方便客人打开。
6. 中间一列从左到右依次是：花瓶、菜单、调味料、糖和茶包、果酱以及茶壶和盘子。

参考资料

1. “英式早餐English Breakfast - 食谱搭配及做法大全,” www.dealmoon.co.uk, Apr. 09, 2024. https://www.dealmoon.co.uk/guide/1904 (accessed Jun. 27, 2024).
2. Wikipedia Contributors, “Full breakfast,” Wikipedia, Nov. 28, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_breakfast